Geosynchronous Orbits :: essays research papers

Geosynchronous Orbits + Geostationary Orbits<a href="http://click.linksynergy.com/fs-canister/stat?id=pcZ8g7DjAzA&offerid=6424&type=2&subid=0&url=http%253A//search.borders.com/fcgi-container/db2www/search/search.d2w/Details%253F%2526mediaType%253DBook%2526prodID%253D3805147" >Webster's Dictionary<IMG border=0 alt=icon width=1 height=1 src="http://ad.linksynergy.com/fs-receptacle/show?id=pcZ8g7DjAzA&bids=6424&type=2&subid=0" > characterizes a Geostationary circle as of, identifying with, or being a satellite that movements over Earth's equator from west to east at an elevation of around 35,900 kilometers (22,300 miles) and at a speed coordinating that of Earth's revolution, in this manner staying fixed comparable to Earth. 2. Of, identifying with, or being the circle of such a satellite. In plain English, a satellite matches the world's revolution making it apparentl y float more than one spot of the globe empowering inclusion of a large portion of the world's surface. Three such satellites, properly separated longitudinally, have overall inclusion with the exception of generally little territories over the shafts. Three principle classes are ordinarily positioned into a GSO: Communications, rocket early admonition, and navigational satellites. The utilizations are boundless running from business use to climate conjectures! The GSO began in the mid-1970's. The U.S. Flying corps structured a two-phase break upper stage (later renamed inertial upper stage, or IUS) to convey satellites weighing as much as 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) from the van to Geostationary circle, and a three-phase adaptation for boosting NASA' s space tests from the van into interplanetary directions. IUS improvement issues, be that as it may, provoked NASA in the mid 1980' s to structure a widebody adaptation of the Centaur upper stage to supplant the three-phase IUS.In its fir st use (1983) on board the bus, the IUS's second-stage spout consumed and left the main Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-1) in a futile circle. Ground controllers had the option to utilize the satellite's locally available engines to place it in the correct Geostationary circle over a time of weeks, yet the IUS was grounded until the spout issue was settled.

Conducting Market Research

Leading Market Research Chapter by chapter guide 1  ¡V Introduction 3 2  ¡V The Major Methods Of Conducting Market Research 3  ¡V Pilot Survey 8 4  ¡V Analysis Of Results From Survey 10 5  ¡V Bibliography 13 6  ¡V Appendix 14 1  ¡V Introduction Market inquire about is a financially savvy method for discovering what individuals accept, think, need, require or do. It is data that can't ordinarily be acquired from some other source.CleanChew gum is another item, which fuses toothpaste with the goal that individuals don't require either a toothbrush or water to clean their teeth. This report will diagram the significant strategies for directing statistical surveying and afterward be trailed by a little overview. The outcomes will at that point be broke down and delivered as graphs.2  ¡V The Major Methods of Conducting Market Research There are two kinds of data statistical surveying can discover: ?h Quantitative data, which answers inquiries concerning the amount of something, for instance  ¡Ã ‚ ¥What level of youngsters drink a specific kind of cola?⠡â ¦ ?h Qualitative data, which answers addresses where a supposition or judgment is important, for instance  ¡Ã‚ ¥What do clients like about a specific product?⠡â ¦ Both sorts of data can be accumulated because of: ?h PRIMARY RESEARCH, or field investigate ?h SECONDARY RESEARCH, or work area examine (What Is Market Research? [Accessed 17/03/02]) Primary Research Methods Primary research is the assortment and grouping of unique data.Image taken from page 188 of 'In and about ancient...It includes direct contact with potential or existing clients. This exploration will normally have been arranged and completed by the individuals who need to utilize the information; it is direct. It very well may be costly approach to assemble data and will ordinarily be for a particular purpose.QUESTIONNAIRES Questionnaires structure the premise of most essential research. Surveys might be led eye to eye, for instance in the city, by ...

Writing Topics For Middle School Process Essay

Writing Topics For Middle School Process EssayTopics for middle school process essay can vary based on the type of topics that the teacher will be assigning. Some topics will need a lot of research, while others will need a little bit of information. Whatever topic you are writing, make sure that it does not seem too large or complex.These middle school processes are generally used to gauge the student's ability to learn and solve problems. These essays are essentially a preparation for the college entrance exam, and they should provide a good foundation for a future high school diploma. Students who succeed in these tasks are typically encouraged to apply for the college of their choice.The assignments are generally designed so that there is a final assessment at the end of the project. This assignment is just the beginning of a learning experience for students. It is designed to create a very thorough and well written paper. This essay should be about something students are interes ted in, but they will need help in researching it.This assignment is one way that teachers can gauge the students' comprehension level. Teachers can encourage the students to find and use sources and information that other students may not have. As students progress in their studies, they may want to study and analyze different sources and learn from their mistakes.Students are taught to think critically when they are studying. They are also encouraged to formulate well thought out arguments. Research is often a major part of this process. Many students do not like the idea of compiling a list of sources and thinking about them, but this activity provides students with valuable information.Teachers do not just limit their selection of sources to one particular topic. They will usually use multiple sources to present a variety of perspectives on a particular topic. This essay is usually based on research completed by teachers.Overall, the process of writing a middle school process es say is a good way to be prepared for a college admissions test. If you are applying to a college, you will most likely want to use this essay to demonstrate your research ability. Students often work hard to excel in middle school processes, and it shows when they write a good essay.

Prehistoric Life During the Eocene Epoch

The Eocene epoch commenced 10 million years after the extinction of the dinosaurs, 65 million years ago, and continued for another 22 million years, up to 34 million years ago. As with the preceding Paleocene epoch, the Eocene was characterized by the continuing adaptation and spread of prehistoric mammals, which filled the ecological niches left open by the dinosaurs demise. The Eocene constitutes the middle part of the Paleogene period (65-23 million years ago), preceded by the Paleocene, and succeeded by the Oligocene epoch (34-23 million years ago); all of these periods and epochs were part of the Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago to the present). Climate and Geography In terms of climate, the Eocene epoch picked up where the Paleocene left off, with a continuing rise in global temperatures to near-Mesozoic levels. However, the latter part of the Eocene saw a pronounced global cooling trend, probably related to decreasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which culminated in the re-formation of ice caps at both the north and south poles. The earths continents continued to drift toward their present positions, having broken apart from the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana, though Australia and Antarctica were still connected. The Eocene epoch also witnessed the rise of North Americas western mountain ranges. Terrestrial Life During the Eocene Epoch Perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates, such as horses and tapirs) and artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates, such as deer and pigs) can all trace their ancestry back to the primitive mammalian genera of the Eocene epoch. Phenacodus, a small, generic-looking ancestor of hoofed mammals, lived during the early Eocene, while the late Eocene witnessed much bigger thunder beasts like Brontotherium and Embolotherium. Carnivorous predators evolved in synch with these plant-munching mammals: the early Eocene Mesonyx only weighed as much as a large dog, while the late Eocene Andrewsarchus was the largest terrestrial meat-eating mammal that ever lived. The first recognizable bats (such as Palaeochiropteryx), elephants (such as Phiomia), and primates (such as Eosimias) also evolved during the course of the Eocene epoch. As is the case with mammals, many modern orders of birds can trace their roots to ancestors that lived during the  Eocene epoch (even though birds as a whole evolved, perhaps more than once, during the Mesozoic Era). The most notable birds of the Eocene were giant penguins, as typified by the 100-pound Inkayacu of South America and the 200-pound Anthropornis of Australia. Another important Eocene bird was Presbyornis, a toddler-sized prehistoric duck. Crocodiles (such as the weirdly hooved Pristichampsus), turtles (such as the big-eyed Puppigerus), and snakes (such as the 33-foot long Gigantophis) all continued to flourish during the Eocene epoch, many of them attaining substantial sizes as they filled the niches left open by their dinosaur relatives (though most did not attain the giant sizes of their immediate Paleocene ancestors). Much tinier lizards, like the three-inch-long Cryptolacerta, were also a common sight (and food source for larger animals). Marine Life During the Eocene Epoch The Eocene epoch was when the first prehistoric whales left dry land and opted for a life in the sea, a trend that culminated in the middle Eocene Basilosaurus, which attained lengths of up to 60 feet and weighed in the neighborhood of 50 to 75 tons. Sharks continued to evolve as well, but few fossils are known from this epoch. In fact, the most common marine fossils of the Eocene epoch are of tiny fish, like Knightia and Enchodus, that plied the lakes and rivers of North America in vast schools. Plant Life During the Eocene Epoch The heat and humidity of the early Eocene epoch made it a heavenly time for dense jungles and rainforests, which stretched almost all the way to the North and South Poles (the coast of Antarctica was lined with tropical rainforests about 50 million years ago!) Later in the Eocene, global cooling produced a dramatic change: the jungles of the northern hemisphere gradually disappeared, to be replaced by deciduous forests that could better cope with seasonal temperature swings. One important development had only just begun: the earliest grasses evolved during the late Eocene epoch but didnt spread worldwide (providing sustenance for plains-roaming horses and ruminants) until millions of years later.

According To The Medical Research They Suggests, “Smoking

According to the medical research they suggests, â€Å"Smoking bans have directly resulted in a population that smokes less, but more research is needed to determine whether or not the smoking bans have had a direct impact on reducing the health issues and diseases associated with smoking, the effects of secondhand smoke on nonsmokers, or aiding cessation efforts. While smoking bans have endured criticism, primarily from those who believe the bans infringe on the rights of smokers, they are typically supported by the public. A Gallup Poll conducted in July 2014 showed that 56 percent of Americans were in favor of banning smoking in all public places. However, the poll also suggested that Americans were less supportive of a complete prohibition†¦show more content†¦That money would probably disappear. Nationally, though, that s only about 3% of corporate giving.† According to Nathan Green, He said that there are side effects to smoking, Green said, â€Å"Smoking is ba d, they say. It will attack your lungs, incapacitate your heart, yellow your teeth, wrinkle your skin, and empty your wallet. And once it’s gotten its fill, it will probably kill you too. But there have to be perks to smoking too, right? Right Why else would almost 20% of the population continue to actively use tobacco products? We dug deep into the well on this one, but were able to come up with some â€Å"benefits† of smoking cigarettes. Do your youthful features hold you back in life? Do you find yourself thinking, â€Å"Man, if only I looked like I will 20 years in the future!†? Does your young, healthy appearance bring you down? If so, you’re in luck. One of the lesser known benefits of cigarettes is that you can add decades to your physical appearance in just a fraction of the time! Smoking allows anyone the ability to fast forward through their body’s physical life. While this usually means early death and/or chronic disease, many smokers t ake the risk. The â€Å"aged smoker† look, as shown above, is apparently all the rage. If you want pale, wrinkled skin and a face that says â€Å"I have been ravaged by life and time†, you’ll certainly find benefit in sucking down tobacco smoke daily. Ensure you are never mistaken for a youth again! AsShow MoreRelatedLegalization Of Medical Marijuana And Marijuana1486 Words   |  6 Pages Legalization of Medical Marijuana Name: Institution: Abstract In 1996, California set a pace that would lead to today’s debate on medical marijuana and marijuana as a whole by passing the Compassionate Use Act that allowed the use of medical marijuana. Other states have since followed the trend and school of thought, case in point; Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1727 Words   |  7 Pagesturn hurting the prospect of medical research on the beneficial, therapeutic attributes of the drug. Yet, an increasing number of studies is proving that marijuana, used for medical purposes yields beneficial results. Acknowledging the fact that marijuana us not as harmful as people assume it to be, and that it has many health and psychological benefits, and that it is a cheap alternative to traditional therapy, I believe that Medical Marijuana should be legalised. Medical Marijuana is not as harmfulRead MoreThe Addiction Of Tobacco, Nicotine, And Smoking1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe addiction to tobacco, nicotine, and smoking is something the humans have embraced and battled since the early 1800’s. With more and more people falling into the habit and becoming addicted, many detrimental health effects on the body caused people to question what was going on and what was causing these negative reactions in the body. Soon enough, the healthy and â€Å"cool† cigarettes that everyone was smoking became the face of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, birth defects, and many other deadlyRead MoreEssay on Teratogen Affects on Pregnancy953 Words   |  4 PagesTeratogen Affects on Pregnancy Oct 9, 2010 Textbook References: Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- smoking p 50 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- behavioral problem w/smoking p 51 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- Child Behavioral Problems w/drinking p.52 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- FAS p 51 Part II There are many potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Health884 Words   |  4 PagesCigarette smoking remains the chief cause of none communicable disease and death in the United States. Each year, cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 480 million deaths and more than 8 million smoking-related illnesses (CDC, 2014). It is accountable for total costs nearing 170 billion dollars in direct medical expense and work lost productivity (2014). Although it is true that smoking adversely affects health, there are more than 4 million adults reported as active smokers. In manyRead MoreMarijuana Should be Legalized for Medical and Recreational Use1742 Words   |  7 Pagesbipolar disorder and impulse control disorder. He has been thrown out of numerous preschools and admitted to several hospitals for psychiatric issues. His mother has pursued all forms of medical and behavioral help for her son’s hyperactivity and aggressiveness. She came across medical m arijuana while trying to research JJ’s problems and after discussing it with his doctors decided to give it a try. She took him off all his medications and put the marijuana in a muffin in amounts prescribed and monitoredRead MoreEssay about Marijuana as Medicine1400 Words   |  6 Pagesas Medicine If we are think about people who have a serious medical problem that inflicts constant physical and mental pain do we ask ourselves theses questions? How much pain are they going through? What is their threshold? What is its frequency? How doest it effect their life, and are they terminally ill? How can we help them? Theses questions helped researchers arrive at one conclusion of using Marijuana for treatment of medical illnesses. Researchers believe the drug to be useful in treatmentRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Smoking1151 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the hardest things in life is saying goodbye to the ones you love for the very last time. Smoking is a life-threatening addiction that has brought this tragedy to millions of families at an accelerated pace and not all have been those who do smoke. No one wants to have to deal with tragedy, but nowadays there may be no way to avoid it. Unless, that is, our government intervenes, and puts something into place to end the threat of Secondhand Smoke exposure. I believe the one thing that can beRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes Is A Best Choice For Everyone870 Words   |  4 Pagesas a bad habit by everyone around the world, but never disappear from our life. Smoking cigarettes is a thing that gives us nothing except a huge negative effect, not only people smoking, but also people around smokers. There is many diseases such as cancer, respiratory illness, digestive di sease, heart disease, caused by it, and many people died because of these diseases. People know quit smoking, we call it smoking cessation, is a best choice for everyone; however, it is very difficult thing becauseRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Used as a Medical Option?1488 Words   |  6 PagesShould marijuana be used as a medical option? Should marijuana be used as a medical option? Researchers suggest that marijuana’s active components are potentially effective in treating pain, nausea, and vomiting. Anti-emetics are also effective against vomiting and nausea; doctors can also prescribe painkillers to treat pain if necessary. Why should the United States need to legalize marijuana? Chronic use of marijuana can have negative effects. Prolonged use of marijuana can cause lung damage

Write a Referral Letter

Question: How to write a referral letter? Answer: Web Designer 7822 Russell Lane New Hill, CT 64434 March 10, 2015 Mr. Steve Jenson Manager HR ATC Interactive 9011 Coat Lane New Hill, CT 89688 Dear Ms. Jenson: I am excitedly writing as reply to your announcement for position of the Web Designer at your firm named ATC Interactive. A very imaginative minded person with above five long years experience of operational web designing, I am now totally ready to influence my capabilities towards contributing to your end result. As pointed out in enclosed curriculum vitae, I have very substantial experience within the field of web designing and all applications as well as tools related to the area. My capability towards creating very specific web designs which are simple to uphold, revise plus expand has also been celebrated by managers several times. However, I take the pride within my ability to implement very effectual search engine strategies with every design that I have ever made. Also, I have methodical knowledge of making very user friendly and effective web designs intended for novel users. This excellence helped all the non-technical buyers to easily know website content and also as a result translated them to returning visitors. With effective skills of web designing, I also look forward towards a meet along with you to properly discuss all my goals and objectives in full details. I will definitely call you some days later to follow up upon this letter. Also, please feel liberated to call me anytime at (002) 444-4444 if you require any additional data from my part. Thank you for time plus consideration that you supplied. Yours sincerely, John Stevens444 Marks Road Birmingham B20 6NF Mobile: 8596214785856 Email: john.s@simpler.com Software Developer John Stevens 444 Marks Road Birmingham B20 6NF Mobile: 8596214785856 Email:john.s@simpler.com ATC Interactive 9011 Coat Lane New Hill, CT 89688 Dear HR Manager: This letter actually is to communicate my curiosity in your posting upon Dice.com intended for a knowledgeable Software Developer. Along with proper Bachelors degree within Computer Science and even Masters degree within the field of Information Technology, plus hands-on knowledge using language of .Net to create as well as implementation of the software applications, I am very confident that I will be an efficient asset for your firm. I actually enjoy being every time challenged as well as working upon projects which needs me to perform outside my zone of comfort plus knowledge set, because constant learning on area of new languages as well as development techniques also are vital to me. Your listed needs closely match with my background plus skills. Some I would wish to emphasize which would facilitate me to add to your result: Highly knowledgeable in designing and testing plus also in developing software Experience on software troubleshooting Ive also attached my resume which details all my projects as well as experiences within the field of software development. You can anytime call me on my cell phone, 544-585-5855 or can even drop me a mail at john.s@simpler.com Thank you for your time plus consideration. Yours sincerely, John Stevens It Technical 7822 Russell Lane New Hill, CT 64434 March 10, 2015 Mr. Steve Jenson Manager HR ATC Interactive 9011 Coat Lane New Hill, CT 89688 Dear Mr. Jenson: I am now writing in reply to your announcement for proper position of Technician of IT Support which is presently available at ATC Interactive. My appropriate IT trainings and certifications as well as experience in reality makes me very exceptional applicant for the position. I also have right skills as well as abilities to donate considerably towards the ATCs IT department. While my 6 years of experience in the helpdesk support, I also have obtained demonstrated capability in every aspect of the troubleshooting, fitting, plusconfigurationintended for a varied desktops, laptops and hardware plus software. Im properly skilled for delivering complex technical data and information. Additionally,I am job oriented, get extra pleasure from accommodating challenges, as well as persistently maintain pace with most current advancements within IT field. Because you are now looking for exact IT expert that has exceptional people as well as issue solving skills, carrying ability to supply best support towards your IT Desk, I would also be able to be your correct choice. I am optimistic and this could be evenly beneficial towards meeting and talking about aims and objectives of your firm and the way in which my technological plus computer capabilities can help you obtain those aims and goals. I would call at your office a week later. Meantime, I could be reached at 099-9088 otherwise via email at john.s@simpler.com Sincerely yours, John Stevens Above are all the three cover letters that clearly mention the details related to the skills and knowledge in the fields of web designing, software development as well as Technical support. All the three vacancies in the firm can be fulfilled by employing an efficient and proper candidate who is capable of doing tasks properly. References Barlow, L. (2005). How to write a referral letter. Independent Nurse, 2005(5). Felton, G. (2005). How to Write a Letter of Recommendation. Academe, 91(4), p.55. Goodman, N. (2001). How to write a critical letter and respond to one. Hospital Medicine, 62(7), pp.426-427. Hickson, J. (2000). How to write a winning CV. The Computer Bulletin, 42(3), pp.26-27. How to Write a Good Scientific Paper: the Cover Letter. (2013). J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS, 12(2), p.020101. Jerrold, L. (2014). How to write an expert opinion letter. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 146(1), pp.124-126. Kandel, S., Peereman, R. and Ghimenton, A. (2014). How do we code the letters of a word when we have to write it? Investigating double letter representation in French. Acta Psychologica, 148, pp.56-62. Mullican, J. (1986). The Writing Process: How [Not] to Write a Letter of Complaint. Language Arts Journal of Michigan, 2(2).

Number of Days Necessary for a New Habit to Form free essay sample

Introduction – Existing Papers’ Theories Habits are routines of behaviour inherently relevant to every single human. They are â€Å"repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously. Habitual behaviour often goes unnoticed in persons exhibiting it, because a person does not need to engage in self-analysis when undertaking routine tasks. Habituation is an extremely simple form of learning, in which an organism, after a period of exposure to a stimulus, stops responding to that stimulus in varied manners.The process by which new behaviors become automatic is habit formation. † (Wikipedia, 2012) Throughout the years, different people have come up with different research findings that proposing different number of days of repetition required for this habit to be cultivated. So what exactly is the number of days required to form a habit? 21, 40, 66? To find an answer to this, let us first look at a few of these great theories and research findings proposed. 1. 1. 21-Days Habit Theory—Dr Maxwell MaltzThis whole buzz about habit creation is believed to have been initiated by Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Number of Days Necessary for a New Habit to Form or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maxwell Maltz in his book titled Psycho-Cybernetics. Dr Maltz introduced the 21-day period needed to forming a habit by repeatedly doing something for 21 days without any break in between. Initially, he noticed it took 21 days for amputees to cease feeling phantom sensations in the amputated limb. Further research found that brain circuits take engrams (memory traces), and produce neuroconnections and neuropathways only if they are bombarded for 21 days in a row.This means that our brain does not accept new data for a change of habit unless it is repeated each day for 21 days (without missing a day). Thus, he concluded that it took 21 days to create a new habit (Psycho-Cybernetics, 1971). The essence of the technique Maltz proposed is simply to spend 15 minutes a day engaging in the actions of any habit you wish to create, and repeating this routine faithfully for 21 days. By the fourth week, it should become very natural to continue doing it. If you miss a day, just keep going until youve been doing the new behaviour for 21 days in a row.Maltz proposed that this method is applicable to all kinds of habits, be it a physical practice of jogging or a cognitive perception, like self image for instance. He noticed a significant portion of his customers still retaining a poor self image even though the plastic surgery they had undergone had already improved their appearance. This prompted him to work with his clients self image before the surgery, by using the same 21-day period to create changes in their mindset. Surprisingly, he discovered he could assist them to acquire an improved self image without surgery. . 2. 40-Days Habit Theory—Ancient Scriptures According to yoga teachings and the book Yoga for Women, it is believed that it takes 40 days to change a bad habit into a positive one, 90 days to confirm the new habit in you, and 120 days to allow the new habit to 1 become who you are (Yoga for Women, 2002). One hundred seventy-six students from twelve different states and four countries participated in Chicago for a 40-days meditation, as they believe that it takes 40 days for this habit of meditation to become completely integrated into the subconscious mind. Many ancient scriptures wrote that 40 days is a length of time required for enacting change. If one is consistent with the practice, he can clear old subconscious patterns, set up new positive patterns and change your life for the better. 1. 3. 66 Days Habit Theory—Phillippa Lally A very recent new research by Phillippa Lally and colleagues from the Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre proposed that one needs at least 66 days of repeated behaviour on average in order to establish a habit. However, the range, Lally found, is anywhere from 18 to over 254 days. To investigate the process of habit formation in everyday life, 96 volunteers chose an eating, drinking or activity behaviour to carry out daily in the same context (for example ‘after breakfast’) for 12 weeks. They completed the self-report habit index (SRHI) each day and recorded whether they carried out the behaviour. The majority (82) of participants increases in automaticity were examined over the study period. Nonlinear regressions fitted an asymptotic curve to each individuals automaticity scores over the 84 days.The model fitted for 62 individuals, of whom 39 showed a good fit. Performing the behaviour more consistently was associated with better model fit. The time it took participants to reach 95% of their asymptote of automaticity ranged from 18 to 254 days; indicating considerable variation in how long it takes people to reach their limit of automaticity and highlighting that it can take a very long time. Missing one opportunity to perform the behaviour did not materially affect the habit formation process. With repetition of a behaviour in a consistent context, automaticity increases following an asymptotic curve which can be modelled at the individual level. † (Phillippa Lally, 2009-2010) Lally also discovered that the behaviour for first habit formation is cue-dependent. In order to carry out a behaviour you want to establish as a habit, you need an exposure to a cue that serves as a â€Å"reminder† to perform the action. Such cues can be either situational, (such as your environment or location) or contextual (based on something else that you do).A situational cue example would be a toothbrush or a sink in cueing you to brush your teeth. Contextual cues include performance location, preceding actions in a sequence, other people associated with the habit (Verplanken, et al. , 1998; Wood ; Neal, 2007), specific time of day, and even particular mood (Wood, Tam, ; Witt, 2005). A contextual cue example for remembering to eat a piece of fruit before eating breakfast every morning would be getting out of bed in the morning or reaching the time of day when you’re about to eat breakfast. Phillippa Lally, 2009-2010) 1. 4. Other findings about habits Ann Graybiel of MIT’s McGovern Institute has shown through research why old habits die hard after conducting experiments using a rat and placing a chocolate as a reward at the end of one of the 2 pathway, using audible tones as cues indicating which arm of the maze contains the reward. Subsequently, the reward was removed, and later on put back after some time but the rat still retains memory of that habit, and picks it up instantly.According to Graybiel, â€Å"Neurons can change their firing patterns when habits are learned, but it is startling to find that these patterns reverse when the habit is lost, only to recur again as soon as something kicks off the habit again, That is why it is so easy to p ick back up negative addictions like smoking and drinking, but also why if you establish good habits but lose them, you can kick them back up much easier as well. Our brain retains a memory of the habit context, and this pattern can be triggered if the right habit cues come back. This situation is familiar to anyone who is trying to lose weight or to control a well-engrained habit. Just the sight of a piece of chocolate cake can reset all those good intentions. † (Delude, 2005) 1. 5. Papers’ Proposed Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Habit Formation One factor affecting the effectiveness of formation of the habit is the consistency of the time at which you repeat the behaviour. Maltz proposed that it will help if the behaviour being repeated, such as jogging, is performed at the same time of day every day.On the other hand, although Lally also proposes that consistency is essential in the effectiveness of habit formation, her method is more flexible in the sense that one can actually skip a day without having to restart the day count, only that you have go right back to performing the desired action the next day. Another factor proposed by Maltz is the use of other senses to establish the habit. For example, if to establish the habit of meditating, you can reinforce the practice by wearing the same clothing, burning the same incense, occupying the same location, and assuming the same posture.The more senses you can involve in the new habit, the more likely it is to become ingrained in the neural pathways, so, even if youre working on your self image in a mental construct, its helpful to use all the faculties of your imagination to include sights, sounds, smells, and the senses of feeling and taste to strengthen the image which you come to associate with your new self image. In other words, make it seem as real as possible. (PsychoCybernetics, 1971). 3 2. 0. Aspects of Habit Formation used in Marketing