Economic Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Monetary Theories - Essay Example Keynes was the person who totally invalidated Say's Law, to such an extent that he said that something contrary to the law was really reality. In this paper we will investigate the reactions of all these three significant financial analysts in examination with one another. J.B.Say accepted that creation causes utilization, that is, creation is the principle wellspring of utilization. What, and how much an individual requests relied upon the pay delivered by their own demonstrations of creation. State says that an individual pays for merchandise and enterprises through products and ventures. This implies the interest for an item is a component of the flexibly of different wares. State's Law of Markets clarifies the procedure through which supplies when all is said in done are changed over into requests all in all. State found that flexibly will be equivalent to the interest for different merchandise. For him, since request results from the creation of items, so there can never be overabundance flexibly over interest. Hence, Say accepts that there can't be general overproduction in an economy. He said that it was conceivable to have an overflow or deficiency of a specific item, yet these excesses of creation were not a consequence of general overproduction, yet rather they were an aftereffect of overproduction of a specific decent in correlation with different merchandise which were under delivered. So he acknowledged that there could be transient overabundances in an economy, however that it will right itself naturally through the component of costs. He wrote in his Treatise on Political Economy: Garnier, in the notes he joins to his amazing interpretation of Adam Smith, says that in the old countries of Europe, where capital has aggregated for quite a long time, an excess of yearly item would be a block to flow were it not consumed by a proportionate utilization. I can see that course can be blocked by oversupply of specific items, however that must be a passing malevolent, for individuals will before long stop to take part in a line of creation whose items surpass the requirement for them and lose their worth, and they will go to the creation of merchandise more sought after. In any case, I don't perceive how the results of a country by and large can ever be excessively plentiful, for each such item gives the way to buying another. (Translated by Palmer 1997, p.76, Cottrell 1997, p.2) In this way, Say infers that a change underway, costs or promoting systems would prompt the expulsion of disequilibrium - emerging from overproduction in a specific kind of item - in a free market economy. This is the fundamental suggestion of Say's Law of Markets. State likewise accepted that reserve funds are valuable for the economy and are a methods for future development. So they are surprisingly better than utilization. He said that reserve funds are driven promptly into interests in quest for benefits, so there would be no insufficiency of salary, creation or utilization. This implies salary is constantly spent either on fulfilling current needs through utilization or fulfilling future needs through investment funds collection. Thus the market would naturally come back to balance regardless of whether some salary isn't committed to utilization but instead goes to speculation. Along these lines, general under utilization, much the same as general over creation of an item was impractical, ever. He made a certain presumption that costs and wages ought to be adaptable. (Anderson) For him cash was just a mechanism of trade and not a store of riches. As a derivation, Say reprimanded government impedance with the estimating

Geosynchronous Orbits :: essays research papers

Geosynchronous Orbits + Geostationary Orbits<a href="http://click.linksynergy.com/fs-canister/stat?id=pcZ8g7DjAzA&offerid=6424&type=2&subid=0&url=http%253A//search.borders.com/fcgi-container/db2www/search/search.d2w/Details%253F%2526mediaType%253DBook%2526prodID%253D3805147" >Webster's Dictionary<IMG border=0 alt=icon width=1 height=1 src="http://ad.linksynergy.com/fs-receptacle/show?id=pcZ8g7DjAzA&bids=6424&type=2&subid=0" > characterizes a Geostationary circle as of, identifying with, or being a satellite that movements over Earth's equator from west to east at an elevation of around 35,900 kilometers (22,300 miles) and at a speed coordinating that of Earth's revolution, in this manner staying fixed comparable to Earth. 2. Of, identifying with, or being the circle of such a satellite. In plain English, a satellite matches the world's revolution making it apparentl y float more than one spot of the globe empowering inclusion of a large portion of the world's surface. Three such satellites, properly separated longitudinally, have overall inclusion with the exception of generally little territories over the shafts. Three principle classes are ordinarily positioned into a GSO: Communications, rocket early admonition, and navigational satellites. The utilizations are boundless running from business use to climate conjectures! The GSO began in the mid-1970's. The U.S. Flying corps structured a two-phase break upper stage (later renamed inertial upper stage, or IUS) to convey satellites weighing as much as 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) from the van to Geostationary circle, and a three-phase adaptation for boosting NASA' s space tests from the van into interplanetary directions. IUS improvement issues, be that as it may, provoked NASA in the mid 1980' s to structure a widebody adaptation of the Centaur upper stage to supplant the three-phase IUS.In its fir st use (1983) on board the bus, the IUS's second-stage spout consumed and left the main Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-1) in a futile circle. Ground controllers had the option to utilize the satellite's locally available engines to place it in the correct Geostationary circle over a time of weeks, yet the IUS was grounded until the spout issue was settled.

Conducting Market Research

Leading Market Research Chapter by chapter guide 1  ¡V Introduction 3 2  ¡V The Major Methods Of Conducting Market Research 3  ¡V Pilot Survey 8 4  ¡V Analysis Of Results From Survey 10 5  ¡V Bibliography 13 6  ¡V Appendix 14 1  ¡V Introduction Market inquire about is a financially savvy method for discovering what individuals accept, think, need, require or do. It is data that can't ordinarily be acquired from some other source.CleanChew gum is another item, which fuses toothpaste with the goal that individuals don't require either a toothbrush or water to clean their teeth. This report will diagram the significant strategies for directing statistical surveying and afterward be trailed by a little overview. The outcomes will at that point be broke down and delivered as graphs.2  ¡V The Major Methods of Conducting Market Research There are two kinds of data statistical surveying can discover: ?h Quantitative data, which answers inquiries concerning the amount of something, for instance  ¡Ã ‚ ¥What level of youngsters drink a specific kind of cola?⠡â ¦ ?h Qualitative data, which answers addresses where a supposition or judgment is important, for instance  ¡Ã‚ ¥What do clients like about a specific product?⠡â ¦ Both sorts of data can be accumulated because of: ?h PRIMARY RESEARCH, or field investigate ?h SECONDARY RESEARCH, or work area examine (What Is Market Research? [Accessed 17/03/02]) Primary Research Methods Primary research is the assortment and grouping of unique data.Image taken from page 188 of 'In and about ancient...It includes direct contact with potential or existing clients. This exploration will normally have been arranged and completed by the individuals who need to utilize the information; it is direct. It very well may be costly approach to assemble data and will ordinarily be for a particular purpose.QUESTIONNAIRES Questionnaires structure the premise of most essential research. Surveys might be led eye to eye, for instance in the city, by ...

Writing Topics For Middle School Process Essay

Writing Topics For Middle School Process EssayTopics for middle school process essay can vary based on the type of topics that the teacher will be assigning. Some topics will need a lot of research, while others will need a little bit of information. Whatever topic you are writing, make sure that it does not seem too large or complex.These middle school processes are generally used to gauge the student's ability to learn and solve problems. These essays are essentially a preparation for the college entrance exam, and they should provide a good foundation for a future high school diploma. Students who succeed in these tasks are typically encouraged to apply for the college of their choice.The assignments are generally designed so that there is a final assessment at the end of the project. This assignment is just the beginning of a learning experience for students. It is designed to create a very thorough and well written paper. This essay should be about something students are interes ted in, but they will need help in researching it.This assignment is one way that teachers can gauge the students' comprehension level. Teachers can encourage the students to find and use sources and information that other students may not have. As students progress in their studies, they may want to study and analyze different sources and learn from their mistakes.Students are taught to think critically when they are studying. They are also encouraged to formulate well thought out arguments. Research is often a major part of this process. Many students do not like the idea of compiling a list of sources and thinking about them, but this activity provides students with valuable information.Teachers do not just limit their selection of sources to one particular topic. They will usually use multiple sources to present a variety of perspectives on a particular topic. This essay is usually based on research completed by teachers.Overall, the process of writing a middle school process es say is a good way to be prepared for a college admissions test. If you are applying to a college, you will most likely want to use this essay to demonstrate your research ability. Students often work hard to excel in middle school processes, and it shows when they write a good essay.

Prehistoric Life During the Eocene Epoch

The Eocene epoch commenced 10 million years after the extinction of the dinosaurs, 65 million years ago, and continued for another 22 million years, up to 34 million years ago. As with the preceding Paleocene epoch, the Eocene was characterized by the continuing adaptation and spread of prehistoric mammals, which filled the ecological niches left open by the dinosaurs demise. The Eocene constitutes the middle part of the Paleogene period (65-23 million years ago), preceded by the Paleocene, and succeeded by the Oligocene epoch (34-23 million years ago); all of these periods and epochs were part of the Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago to the present). Climate and Geography In terms of climate, the Eocene epoch picked up where the Paleocene left off, with a continuing rise in global temperatures to near-Mesozoic levels. However, the latter part of the Eocene saw a pronounced global cooling trend, probably related to decreasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which culminated in the re-formation of ice caps at both the north and south poles. The earths continents continued to drift toward their present positions, having broken apart from the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana, though Australia and Antarctica were still connected. The Eocene epoch also witnessed the rise of North Americas western mountain ranges. Terrestrial Life During the Eocene Epoch Perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates, such as horses and tapirs) and artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates, such as deer and pigs) can all trace their ancestry back to the primitive mammalian genera of the Eocene epoch. Phenacodus, a small, generic-looking ancestor of hoofed mammals, lived during the early Eocene, while the late Eocene witnessed much bigger thunder beasts like Brontotherium and Embolotherium. Carnivorous predators evolved in synch with these plant-munching mammals: the early Eocene Mesonyx only weighed as much as a large dog, while the late Eocene Andrewsarchus was the largest terrestrial meat-eating mammal that ever lived. The first recognizable bats (such as Palaeochiropteryx), elephants (such as Phiomia), and primates (such as Eosimias) also evolved during the course of the Eocene epoch. As is the case with mammals, many modern orders of birds can trace their roots to ancestors that lived during the  Eocene epoch (even though birds as a whole evolved, perhaps more than once, during the Mesozoic Era). The most notable birds of the Eocene were giant penguins, as typified by the 100-pound Inkayacu of South America and the 200-pound Anthropornis of Australia. Another important Eocene bird was Presbyornis, a toddler-sized prehistoric duck. Crocodiles (such as the weirdly hooved Pristichampsus), turtles (such as the big-eyed Puppigerus), and snakes (such as the 33-foot long Gigantophis) all continued to flourish during the Eocene epoch, many of them attaining substantial sizes as they filled the niches left open by their dinosaur relatives (though most did not attain the giant sizes of their immediate Paleocene ancestors). Much tinier lizards, like the three-inch-long Cryptolacerta, were also a common sight (and food source for larger animals). Marine Life During the Eocene Epoch The Eocene epoch was when the first prehistoric whales left dry land and opted for a life in the sea, a trend that culminated in the middle Eocene Basilosaurus, which attained lengths of up to 60 feet and weighed in the neighborhood of 50 to 75 tons. Sharks continued to evolve as well, but few fossils are known from this epoch. In fact, the most common marine fossils of the Eocene epoch are of tiny fish, like Knightia and Enchodus, that plied the lakes and rivers of North America in vast schools. Plant Life During the Eocene Epoch The heat and humidity of the early Eocene epoch made it a heavenly time for dense jungles and rainforests, which stretched almost all the way to the North and South Poles (the coast of Antarctica was lined with tropical rainforests about 50 million years ago!) Later in the Eocene, global cooling produced a dramatic change: the jungles of the northern hemisphere gradually disappeared, to be replaced by deciduous forests that could better cope with seasonal temperature swings. One important development had only just begun: the earliest grasses evolved during the late Eocene epoch but didnt spread worldwide (providing sustenance for plains-roaming horses and ruminants) until millions of years later.

According To The Medical Research They Suggests, “Smoking

According to the medical research they suggests, â€Å"Smoking bans have directly resulted in a population that smokes less, but more research is needed to determine whether or not the smoking bans have had a direct impact on reducing the health issues and diseases associated with smoking, the effects of secondhand smoke on nonsmokers, or aiding cessation efforts. While smoking bans have endured criticism, primarily from those who believe the bans infringe on the rights of smokers, they are typically supported by the public. A Gallup Poll conducted in July 2014 showed that 56 percent of Americans were in favor of banning smoking in all public places. However, the poll also suggested that Americans were less supportive of a complete prohibition†¦show more content†¦That money would probably disappear. Nationally, though, that s only about 3% of corporate giving.† According to Nathan Green, He said that there are side effects to smoking, Green said, â€Å"Smoking is ba d, they say. It will attack your lungs, incapacitate your heart, yellow your teeth, wrinkle your skin, and empty your wallet. And once it’s gotten its fill, it will probably kill you too. But there have to be perks to smoking too, right? Right Why else would almost 20% of the population continue to actively use tobacco products? We dug deep into the well on this one, but were able to come up with some â€Å"benefits† of smoking cigarettes. Do your youthful features hold you back in life? Do you find yourself thinking, â€Å"Man, if only I looked like I will 20 years in the future!†? Does your young, healthy appearance bring you down? If so, you’re in luck. One of the lesser known benefits of cigarettes is that you can add decades to your physical appearance in just a fraction of the time! Smoking allows anyone the ability to fast forward through their body’s physical life. While this usually means early death and/or chronic disease, many smokers t ake the risk. The â€Å"aged smoker† look, as shown above, is apparently all the rage. If you want pale, wrinkled skin and a face that says â€Å"I have been ravaged by life and time†, you’ll certainly find benefit in sucking down tobacco smoke daily. Ensure you are never mistaken for a youth again! AsShow MoreRelatedLegalization Of Medical Marijuana And Marijuana1486 Words   |  6 Pages Legalization of Medical Marijuana Name: Institution: Abstract In 1996, California set a pace that would lead to today’s debate on medical marijuana and marijuana as a whole by passing the Compassionate Use Act that allowed the use of medical marijuana. 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With more and more people falling into the habit and becoming addicted, many detrimental health effects on the body caused people to question what was going on and what was causing these negative reactions in the body. Soon enough, the healthy and â€Å"cool† cigarettes that everyone was smoking became the face of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, birth defects, and many other deadlyRead MoreEssay on Teratogen Affects on Pregnancy953 Words   |  4 PagesTeratogen Affects on Pregnancy Oct 9, 2010 Textbook References: Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- smoking p 50 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- behavioral problem w/smoking p 51 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- Child Behavioral Problems w/drinking p.52 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- FAS p 51 Part II There are many potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Health884 Words   |  4 PagesCigarette smoking remains the chief cause of none communicable disease and death in the United States. 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Write a Referral Letter

Question: How to write a referral letter? Answer: Web Designer 7822 Russell Lane New Hill, CT 64434 March 10, 2015 Mr. Steve Jenson Manager HR ATC Interactive 9011 Coat Lane New Hill, CT 89688 Dear Ms. Jenson: I am excitedly writing as reply to your announcement for position of the Web Designer at your firm named ATC Interactive. A very imaginative minded person with above five long years experience of operational web designing, I am now totally ready to influence my capabilities towards contributing to your end result. As pointed out in enclosed curriculum vitae, I have very substantial experience within the field of web designing and all applications as well as tools related to the area. My capability towards creating very specific web designs which are simple to uphold, revise plus expand has also been celebrated by managers several times. However, I take the pride within my ability to implement very effectual search engine strategies with every design that I have ever made. Also, I have methodical knowledge of making very user friendly and effective web designs intended for novel users. This excellence helped all the non-technical buyers to easily know website content and also as a result translated them to returning visitors. With effective skills of web designing, I also look forward towards a meet along with you to properly discuss all my goals and objectives in full details. I will definitely call you some days later to follow up upon this letter. Also, please feel liberated to call me anytime at (002) 444-4444 if you require any additional data from my part. Thank you for time plus consideration that you supplied. Yours sincerely, John Stevens444 Marks Road Birmingham B20 6NF Mobile: 8596214785856 Email: john.s@simpler.com Software Developer John Stevens 444 Marks Road Birmingham B20 6NF Mobile: 8596214785856 Email:john.s@simpler.com ATC Interactive 9011 Coat Lane New Hill, CT 89688 Dear HR Manager: This letter actually is to communicate my curiosity in your posting upon Dice.com intended for a knowledgeable Software Developer. Along with proper Bachelors degree within Computer Science and even Masters degree within the field of Information Technology, plus hands-on knowledge using language of .Net to create as well as implementation of the software applications, I am very confident that I will be an efficient asset for your firm. I actually enjoy being every time challenged as well as working upon projects which needs me to perform outside my zone of comfort plus knowledge set, because constant learning on area of new languages as well as development techniques also are vital to me. Your listed needs closely match with my background plus skills. Some I would wish to emphasize which would facilitate me to add to your result: Highly knowledgeable in designing and testing plus also in developing software Experience on software troubleshooting Ive also attached my resume which details all my projects as well as experiences within the field of software development. You can anytime call me on my cell phone, 544-585-5855 or can even drop me a mail at john.s@simpler.com Thank you for your time plus consideration. Yours sincerely, John Stevens It Technical 7822 Russell Lane New Hill, CT 64434 March 10, 2015 Mr. Steve Jenson Manager HR ATC Interactive 9011 Coat Lane New Hill, CT 89688 Dear Mr. Jenson: I am now writing in reply to your announcement for proper position of Technician of IT Support which is presently available at ATC Interactive. My appropriate IT trainings and certifications as well as experience in reality makes me very exceptional applicant for the position. I also have right skills as well as abilities to donate considerably towards the ATCs IT department. While my 6 years of experience in the helpdesk support, I also have obtained demonstrated capability in every aspect of the troubleshooting, fitting, plusconfigurationintended for a varied desktops, laptops and hardware plus software. Im properly skilled for delivering complex technical data and information. Additionally,I am job oriented, get extra pleasure from accommodating challenges, as well as persistently maintain pace with most current advancements within IT field. Because you are now looking for exact IT expert that has exceptional people as well as issue solving skills, carrying ability to supply best support towards your IT Desk, I would also be able to be your correct choice. I am optimistic and this could be evenly beneficial towards meeting and talking about aims and objectives of your firm and the way in which my technological plus computer capabilities can help you obtain those aims and goals. I would call at your office a week later. Meantime, I could be reached at 099-9088 otherwise via email at john.s@simpler.com Sincerely yours, John Stevens Above are all the three cover letters that clearly mention the details related to the skills and knowledge in the fields of web designing, software development as well as Technical support. All the three vacancies in the firm can be fulfilled by employing an efficient and proper candidate who is capable of doing tasks properly. References Barlow, L. (2005). How to write a referral letter. Independent Nurse, 2005(5). Felton, G. (2005). How to Write a Letter of Recommendation. Academe, 91(4), p.55. Goodman, N. (2001). How to write a critical letter and respond to one. Hospital Medicine, 62(7), pp.426-427. Hickson, J. (2000). How to write a winning CV. The Computer Bulletin, 42(3), pp.26-27. How to Write a Good Scientific Paper: the Cover Letter. (2013). J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS, 12(2), p.020101. Jerrold, L. (2014). How to write an expert opinion letter. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 146(1), pp.124-126. Kandel, S., Peereman, R. and Ghimenton, A. (2014). How do we code the letters of a word when we have to write it? Investigating double letter representation in French. Acta Psychologica, 148, pp.56-62. Mullican, J. (1986). The Writing Process: How [Not] to Write a Letter of Complaint. Language Arts Journal of Michigan, 2(2).

Number of Days Necessary for a New Habit to Form free essay sample

Introduction – Existing Papers’ Theories Habits are routines of behaviour inherently relevant to every single human. They are â€Å"repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously. Habitual behaviour often goes unnoticed in persons exhibiting it, because a person does not need to engage in self-analysis when undertaking routine tasks. Habituation is an extremely simple form of learning, in which an organism, after a period of exposure to a stimulus, stops responding to that stimulus in varied manners.The process by which new behaviors become automatic is habit formation. † (Wikipedia, 2012) Throughout the years, different people have come up with different research findings that proposing different number of days of repetition required for this habit to be cultivated. So what exactly is the number of days required to form a habit? 21, 40, 66? To find an answer to this, let us first look at a few of these great theories and research findings proposed. 1. 1. 21-Days Habit Theory—Dr Maxwell MaltzThis whole buzz about habit creation is believed to have been initiated by Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Number of Days Necessary for a New Habit to Form or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maxwell Maltz in his book titled Psycho-Cybernetics. Dr Maltz introduced the 21-day period needed to forming a habit by repeatedly doing something for 21 days without any break in between. Initially, he noticed it took 21 days for amputees to cease feeling phantom sensations in the amputated limb. Further research found that brain circuits take engrams (memory traces), and produce neuroconnections and neuropathways only if they are bombarded for 21 days in a row.This means that our brain does not accept new data for a change of habit unless it is repeated each day for 21 days (without missing a day). Thus, he concluded that it took 21 days to create a new habit (Psycho-Cybernetics, 1971). The essence of the technique Maltz proposed is simply to spend 15 minutes a day engaging in the actions of any habit you wish to create, and repeating this routine faithfully for 21 days. By the fourth week, it should become very natural to continue doing it. If you miss a day, just keep going until youve been doing the new behaviour for 21 days in a row.Maltz proposed that this method is applicable to all kinds of habits, be it a physical practice of jogging or a cognitive perception, like self image for instance. He noticed a significant portion of his customers still retaining a poor self image even though the plastic surgery they had undergone had already improved their appearance. This prompted him to work with his clients self image before the surgery, by using the same 21-day period to create changes in their mindset. Surprisingly, he discovered he could assist them to acquire an improved self image without surgery. . 2. 40-Days Habit Theory—Ancient Scriptures According to yoga teachings and the book Yoga for Women, it is believed that it takes 40 days to change a bad habit into a positive one, 90 days to confirm the new habit in you, and 120 days to allow the new habit to 1 become who you are (Yoga for Women, 2002). One hundred seventy-six students from twelve different states and four countries participated in Chicago for a 40-days meditation, as they believe that it takes 40 days for this habit of meditation to become completely integrated into the subconscious mind. Many ancient scriptures wrote that 40 days is a length of time required for enacting change. If one is consistent with the practice, he can clear old subconscious patterns, set up new positive patterns and change your life for the better. 1. 3. 66 Days Habit Theory—Phillippa Lally A very recent new research by Phillippa Lally and colleagues from the Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre proposed that one needs at least 66 days of repeated behaviour on average in order to establish a habit. However, the range, Lally found, is anywhere from 18 to over 254 days. To investigate the process of habit formation in everyday life, 96 volunteers chose an eating, drinking or activity behaviour to carry out daily in the same context (for example ‘after breakfast’) for 12 weeks. They completed the self-report habit index (SRHI) each day and recorded whether they carried out the behaviour. The majority (82) of participants increases in automaticity were examined over the study period. Nonlinear regressions fitted an asymptotic curve to each individuals automaticity scores over the 84 days.The model fitted for 62 individuals, of whom 39 showed a good fit. Performing the behaviour more consistently was associated with better model fit. The time it took participants to reach 95% of their asymptote of automaticity ranged from 18 to 254 days; indicating considerable variation in how long it takes people to reach their limit of automaticity and highlighting that it can take a very long time. Missing one opportunity to perform the behaviour did not materially affect the habit formation process. With repetition of a behaviour in a consistent context, automaticity increases following an asymptotic curve which can be modelled at the individual level. † (Phillippa Lally, 2009-2010) Lally also discovered that the behaviour for first habit formation is cue-dependent. In order to carry out a behaviour you want to establish as a habit, you need an exposure to a cue that serves as a â€Å"reminder† to perform the action. Such cues can be either situational, (such as your environment or location) or contextual (based on something else that you do).A situational cue example would be a toothbrush or a sink in cueing you to brush your teeth. Contextual cues include performance location, preceding actions in a sequence, other people associated with the habit (Verplanken, et al. , 1998; Wood ; Neal, 2007), specific time of day, and even particular mood (Wood, Tam, ; Witt, 2005). A contextual cue example for remembering to eat a piece of fruit before eating breakfast every morning would be getting out of bed in the morning or reaching the time of day when you’re about to eat breakfast. Phillippa Lally, 2009-2010) 1. 4. Other findings about habits Ann Graybiel of MIT’s McGovern Institute has shown through research why old habits die hard after conducting experiments using a rat and placing a chocolate as a reward at the end of one of the 2 pathway, using audible tones as cues indicating which arm of the maze contains the reward. Subsequently, the reward was removed, and later on put back after some time but the rat still retains memory of that habit, and picks it up instantly.According to Graybiel, â€Å"Neurons can change their firing patterns when habits are learned, but it is startling to find that these patterns reverse when the habit is lost, only to recur again as soon as something kicks off the habit again, That is why it is so easy to p ick back up negative addictions like smoking and drinking, but also why if you establish good habits but lose them, you can kick them back up much easier as well. Our brain retains a memory of the habit context, and this pattern can be triggered if the right habit cues come back. This situation is familiar to anyone who is trying to lose weight or to control a well-engrained habit. Just the sight of a piece of chocolate cake can reset all those good intentions. † (Delude, 2005) 1. 5. Papers’ Proposed Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Habit Formation One factor affecting the effectiveness of formation of the habit is the consistency of the time at which you repeat the behaviour. Maltz proposed that it will help if the behaviour being repeated, such as jogging, is performed at the same time of day every day.On the other hand, although Lally also proposes that consistency is essential in the effectiveness of habit formation, her method is more flexible in the sense that one can actually skip a day without having to restart the day count, only that you have go right back to performing the desired action the next day. Another factor proposed by Maltz is the use of other senses to establish the habit. For example, if to establish the habit of meditating, you can reinforce the practice by wearing the same clothing, burning the same incense, occupying the same location, and assuming the same posture.The more senses you can involve in the new habit, the more likely it is to become ingrained in the neural pathways, so, even if youre working on your self image in a mental construct, its helpful to use all the faculties of your imagination to include sights, sounds, smells, and the senses of feeling and taste to strengthen the image which you come to associate with your new self image. In other words, make it seem as real as possible. (PsychoCybernetics, 1971). 3 2. 0. Aspects of Habit Formation used in Marketing

Studying Math Successfully with Note Cards Essays - Free Essays

Studying Math Successfully with Note Cards Essays - Free Essays Studying Math Successfully with Note Cards Keeping note cards is a proven method to study math successfully. As an incentive, I will offer up to 3 bonus points per exam for your set of note cards. Points will only be awarded the day of the exam. Please place a card on top with your full name, rubber-band them together, and place on the front table the day of the exam. Make sure you take these with you when youre done. Please follow these guidelines: 1.Create a set of cards that you can refer back to for each exam and at the end of the semester to study for a comprehensive final. 2.Keep them simple, concise, and to-the-point. 3.Each card should only have one piece of information. 4.Work on these daily. Doing homework problems alone is not enough to study math. 5.QUIZ YOURSELF REGULARLY. 6.Use them as a warm-up before class. 7.Make sure your note cards are all-inclusive: formulas, definitions, concepts, procedures, tasks, and examples. 8.Write tasks and procedures IN WORDS so you get used to the instructions verbiage. Examples: What is the Point-Slope Form of the Equation of a Line? Front Write the formula on back (Continues on back) Know how to: Evaluate functions f(x) = Find f( -3 ) Find f( -2x) Find f (x-2) Front Work out problem on back of card How do you find a difference quotient? Front Write out the step-by-step procedure on back Know how to: Analyze graphs From a labeled graph: >>> draw a graph on the card Find domain Range Intercepts Minimums Maximums Intervals of x where the graph is increasing, decreasing, constant Values of x where f(x) = -4 Find f(2) Determine even/odd Front Work out problem on back of card Good Luck!

How did changes in technology affect the conduct of warfare in the Essay - 1

How did changes in technology affect the conduct of warfare in the ancient world - Essay Example Battles were primarily fought for two reasons that include defense and expansion. Egyptians had to face invasions from their neighboring dominions, while for Greeks; Persian Empire was their major threat. Raising armies and developing state of the art weaponry was essential for the survival of both the empires. The changes in the technology paved the way to glory for both the empires in their respected periods of history. The main emphasis of this discussion will be on the technological analysis of the empires from the ancient world. The New Kingdom of Egypt and the Classical Ages of Greek Empire will be discussed here in detail. It was the Seventeenth Dynasty that brought an end to the rule of Hyksos, and paved the way for the Egyptians to take charge of the land. Once the center was under the control of the Egyptians, the era of the New Kingdom commenced. Three dynasties ruled Egypt during this phase of the Ancient Egypt; they include the Eighteenth Dynasty, the Nineteenth Dynasty and the Twentieth Dynasty (McDermott, 2004). Until the Second Intermediate Period, there was no organized army of the Egyptians. During the times of war, the governors of the states were ordered by the kings to arrange men for the battle. The New Kingdom of Egypt was the era of reconstruction, innovation and expansion. During this period the Egyptian Kingdom attained its maximum size (Shaw, 1991). It was economically more stable considering the commerce and trade that brought in gold and ivory in return of the agricultural produce. Unlike, the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom did not focused on the common man, however, during this period the social order was kept intact. Pharaohs were once again the center of all attention, and a major chunk of man power was assigned to build new pyramids, and burial places for the kings (Healy, 1992). The reign of Hyksos over the deltas of Nile taught Egyptians a number of things. Their rule in the region inspired the future

Gun Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gun Control - Research Paper Example When one observes the recent political scenario in America with regard to this issue, one can see that the Democrats stand for the gun control measures and the Republicans oppose it. Many are of the opinion that the issues related with handgun by civilians and students have now become a severe issue and a real threat to the day to day life of the Americans. Even the sniper shootings are capable of providing the civilians sleepless nights. Some of the recent studies have identified that different states of America are in two layers regarding this issue. The sect that protests strongly against the gun control is the gun lobby which has gripped American society like an octopus. NRA (National Rifle Association), the most prominent gun lobby in America, upholds the Second Amendment of the American Constitution that protects individual’s right to use firearms for self defense, in order to hide their secret desires. In addition to this, they also resort to the verdict of the Supreme Court in the year 2001 that protected the right of the individuals to use fire arms. As it is the current state pertaining to the use of guns in America, there arise a notable question concerning the abuse of guns by the criminals, mentally ill persons and children. When people are protected by law with regard to the use of guns, one can certainly say that there is more probability for its abuse. The recent shooting at Chardon High School in Ohio and many other incidents invite one’s attention to the hazard of bearing weapons among the citizens. In the United States, gun related violence among the criminals; mentally ill persons and children show a gradual growth in recent years. Therefore, there should be strong regulations on when and how these weapons are practiced. Analyzing the cause and effects of increasing gun related violence, one can find the fact that gun ownership has become widespread and easier in the United States in recent years. Nowadays gun related deaths an d injuries among the public became a serious trouble in the United States. Existing mandatory laws in the United States permits lawful use of guns for personal defense among the public. Unfortunately, many people use their hand guns illegally and produce harmful effects. Persons who protest the gun control laws strongly argue that there are nominal evidences which prove that gun control reduce the crime rate. Increasing gun related crimes in the United States create relevant challenges against national security and individual freedom. However, an effective law or strict regulation is essential against the use of guns in the hands of criminals, mentally ill persons and children. The issue of gun related violence among the criminals, mentally ill persons and children in the United States Persons from criminal backgrounds often practice guns for their criminal activities and it causes for number of deaths, gun related injuries and heavy violence. Dissimilar from ordinary people, crimin als have the tendency to misuse gun in their daily life. In other words, people who engaged in criminal actions create their own law and social system. Therefore, gun uses among these criminal groups covey a negative message to society. In addition, the increase of gun related violence is a serious issue that reveals the failure of judiciary and legal system in the country. James K. Stewart, Director, National Institute of Justice, rightly observes that â€Å"

Psychology and American Psychological Association Essay Example for Free

Psychology and American Psychological Association Essay The qualitative variables were National Academy of Science membership, election as American Psychological Association president or receipt of the APA Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, and surname used as a eponym (i. e. , a psychological term such a Pavlovian conditioning or Skinner box) to represent a theory, procedure, or apparatus. Objective: You are going to learn a little bit about the history of psychology and the APA style of citations, by conducting research and writing a 2 to 3 page paper – typed, double spaced and 12 point Times New Roman font on one of the individuals from the list below: . B. F. Skinner 2. Jean Piaget 3. Sigmund Freud 4. Albert Bandura 5. Leon Festinger 6. Carl Rogers 7. Stanley Schachter 8. Neal Miller 9. Edward Thorndike 10. Abraham Maslow 11. Gordon Allport 12. Erik Erikson 13. Hans J. Eysenck 14. William James 15. David McClelland 16. Raymond Cattell 17. John B. Watson 18. Kurt Lewin 19. Donald O. Hebb 20. George A. Miller 21. Clark L. Hull 22. Jerome Kagan 23. Carl Jung 24. Ivan Pavlov 25. Walter Mishcel Though not in the top 25, you can pick Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Lawrence Kohlberg, Wolfgang Kohler, or Margaret Washburn. Procedures: 1. Select your psychologist by looking him/her up in your textbook. The textbook will help you quickly understand their contribution to the field and also help you with some terminology you may not understand in other sources. 2. After choosing a psychologist, conduct research in order to become an expert on him or her. Make sure you keep track of your sources. You should use a minimum of three sources and one of the three can be your textbook. See my website for links to good websites. I highly recommend the book The Story of Psychology by Morton Hunt which has information on most of the psychologists on the list. You are welcome to borrow my copy and the library also has a copy. In addition, the two volume reference book Psychologists and Their Theories for Students, housed in the library, is also an excellent resource. In fact, this book may help you select a psychologist. 3. Develop your paper around an argument (thesis) for why your psychologist should be number one on the most eminent list. Make sure the title of your paper links to this argument. 4. Do not write a biography! You need to pick and choose what information to use in your paper. What information you select depends on the content of your thesis tatement. You might focus on the major impact of his/her work/theories in the field of psychology, the types of research methods utilized in his/her experiments, the practical applications of his/her research, his/her major publications, and/or the school of psychology to which he/she belongs. The number of body paragraphs you write depends on the number of supporting statements. 5. Cit e your facts using parenthetical citations and format your paper, using American Psychological Association (APA) format (see the attached APA format document or the APA link on my website). Include a cover and reference page. 6. Writing a research paper is a multi-step process. Do not attempt to complete all of the above steps in one night! How to do your references page: Books: Calfee, R. C. , Valencia, R. R. (1991). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Original source found in a current source (e. g. older studies cited in a newer book) Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans. ), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). London: Hogarth Press. Anonymous or unknown author (common in newspapers): Caffeine linked to mental illness. (1991, July 13). New York Times, pp. B13, B15. World Wide Web page: Bixley, T. S. (1995) Sentient microfilaments. Retrieved from http://www. microfilaments. com/consciousness/synchronicity/quantum tube. html. *If there is no date, put n. d. in its place. Group or institutional authors: University of Pittsburgh. (1993). The title goes here. Journal of Something, 8, 5-9. Journal article: Guenzel, N. (1996, Autumn) Altruism in three states. Whitman Journal of Psychology, (5)1, 67-73. Letter to the editor: ONeill, G. W. (1992, January). In support of DSM-III [Letter to the editor]. APA Monitor, p. -5. Magazine article: Gardner, H. (1991, December 9). Do babies sing a universal song? Psychology Today, pp. 70-76. Newsletter article: Brown, L. S. (1993, Spring). My research with orangs. The Psychology Department Newsletter, pg. 3. Pamphlet: Just Say No Foundation. (1992). Saving our youth. (9th ed. ) [Brochure]. Washington, DC: Author. Article in a Newspap er Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A. In-Text Citations In-text citations help readers locate the cited source in the References section of the paper. . Whenever you use a source, provide in parenthesis the author’s last name and the date of publication. For quotations, provide a page number as well. The punctuation mark should follow the citation. Example: (Greenwood, 19, p. 2). 2. When quoting, introduce the quotation with a signal phrase. Make sure to include the author’s name, the year of publication, the page number, but keep the citation brief – do not repeat the information. Example: Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response frequently entails a â€Å"delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena† (p. 1). Example: A traumatic response frequently entails a â€Å"delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena† (Caruth, 1996, p. 11) 3. There are several formats for a summary of paraphrase. Use signal verbs: acknowledge, contend, maintain, respond, report, argue, conclude, etc. Example: Smith (1998) argues that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4. When citing a work with more than one author, identify all authors in the signal phrase or in parenthesis. Example: (Harklau, Siegel, and Losey, 1999) Example: (Smith et al. , 1983)

Wild Geese by Oliver Essay -- Poetry Analysis

â€Å"Wild Geese† is very different from many poems written. Oliver’s personal life, the free form of the poem along with the first line, â€Å"You do not have to be good,† and the imagery of nature contributes to Oliver’s intent to convince the audience that to be part of the world, a person does not need to aspire to civilization’s standards. Oliver would write this poem because she did not conform to societies wishes. According to the Poetry Foundation, Oliver has never actually received a degree despite attending The Ohio State University and Vassar College. By not completing college, she had stepped out of the normal procedure of American life of growing up, going to college, then working. She also â€Å"met her long-time partner, Molly Malone Cook† while helping organize Edna St. Vincent Millay’s poetry. This choice is not a normal decision for people to make; however, she is still successful and has been presented many awards, including Honorary Doctorates (Beacon). Despite living the way she wants to, Oliver still manages to have success and happiness. Furthermore, Oliver clearly demonstrates the point that you do not have to follow society’s rules to be happy in her poem, â€Å"Wild Geese,† by using free form structure for a poem that does not rhyme. Many poems rhyme. By not rhyming or following a set structure, Oliver demonstrates that the poem does not need to follow the normal requirements for a poem to have meaning. The poem begins with a bold statement: â€Å"You do not have to be good.† The first line does not have a rhythm or pattern, which further demonstrates the further delineation from the status quo of poetry in this poem. The difference in structure between this poem and many others helps to set the poem and its message apart fro... ...ia work to support Oliver’s argument. Works Cited Beveridge, Alex. Personal Interview. 2 Sep. 2010. "Contributor Biography: Mary Oliver." Beacon Press: Independent Publisher of Serious Fiction and Non-Fiction. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. . Hayden, Robert. "Mary Oliver : The Poetry Foundation : Find Poems and Poets. Discover Poetry." The Poetry Foundation: Find Poems and Poets. Discover Poetry. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. . Oliver, Mary. â€Å"Wild Geese.† Literature. Ed. Kennedy, X.J. and Gioia, Dana. Longman, 2010. 861. Wild Geese (Original). 18 March 2010. Youtube. 2 Sep. 2010. . Wild Geese-- a poem by Mary Oliver. 1 May 2009. Youtube. 2 Sep. 2010. .

Key Issues and Problems

GAS has provided a complaint board In their official website for public to provide feedback, whether positive or negative comments to allow them to continuously Improve their services to their customers. Throughout our research, we have found that GAS had encountered with some ethical Issues regarding their hygiene problem and bad services.Rat bitten case in GAS Mid Valley Magical It was absolutely a painful night out for Christine Chin after her toe was bitten by alleged rat while watching 2 hour movie at Golden Screen Cinema, Mid Valley Magical in KILL on Wednesday. Chin is the Youth Head and executive council member for the Council of Churches of Malaysia (CM). It was a relaxing night for Chin to enjoy movie with her family, but it turned out to be nightmare when she got bitten by a rat in the theatre. She posted her picture of her bandaged toe on her Backbone page and immediately the photo had been shared by at least 700 Backbone users on that particular day. Appendix l) On 5th A pril 2014, Chin was enjoying the movie with her family but all of a sudden she felt a sharp pain on her toe and cried UT In the pain. She did not Immediately check out what actually happened to her toe, Instead she finished the movie till the end. When the lights came on after the movie ended, she was shocked to see blood seeping from her toe. Chin's family approached GAS staff instantly and they brought out a first aid kit to clean the wound. After that, they filed an official complaint with GAS about the incident and the management gave them refund on their movie tickets as compensation.Besides that, Chin was sent to a hospital to receive an anti-tetanus injection. Chin's family was told o send the medical bill to GAS and GAS will be responsible on the payment of medical bill. Chin claimed that she could not leave the hospital without the dressing and anti-tetanus Jab. She is a regular GAS patron and the rat bitten incident truly disappointed her. She Is a huge movie fan and writi ng film reviews is one of her hobbles. Public health and safety Is paramount. Chin hopes that GAS would take this Issue serious to clean up all the cinema halls before more people get hurt.Rat bites are dangerous as their saliva or mucus is deadly, as lethal as their urine. (Chin, 2014) Rat bites may be swallow or deep. Healthy rats typically avoid people and prefer to be active when buildings are quiet. However, the saliva of some species of rats carries hazardous diseases, such as Lepidopterist and Hatcheries. In rare cases, rat bite victims may contract rat-bite fever. Therefore, we can see that rat bite can bring extreme harm to human health. This kind of problem does not only affect the publics health and safety, but it will sabotage sac's reputation as well.Thus, GAS should do some preventive measures before another similar incident happens to the public again. GAS had publicly extended their sincere apologies for any inconvenience brought on their Backbone page regarding the rat bitten Incident. (Appendix II) They assure that pest control management Is part of Sac's standard practice as they take the comfort of their customers very seriously. They had been working with the relevant experts and parties on the matter. Prohibition of outside food of no outside food is allowed in its theatre.Customers' dissatisfaction and disappointment were implied from their comments on the internet questioning whether they actually have the right or is it ethical to do so. Just as similar with most of the complaints found, Ms. Mash (a professional writer) described her unhappy experience in her blob of being stopped at the movie hall's entrance because of her intention to bring in outside food. She was told that she is not allowed to go in with those foods on hand, and she was being treated in an impolite manner. It is not surprising that many movie theatres everywhere have this kind of restriction.Concessions are one of their biggest revenue streams, says Richard McKenz ie, an economics professor at the University of California at Irvine. He mentioned that theatres have no choice but must share their income from ticket sales with film distributors and studios, while snacks and sodas have a higher profit margin to them. In the early days of cinema, theatre owners actually discouraged snack consumption in the movie hall, feeling it clashed with the elegant atmosphere they were trying to create. Movie theatres began selling refreshments to boost revenue in the late sass's when snacks became an even more important source of profit.

Economics - 611 Words

Economics - Assessment Task 1 1. Total cost is the figure that describes the total cost of production for an organisation. It is made up of both fixed costs, which are costs that are fixed in relation to output, and variable costs, which are costs that vary depending on the level of output. Before production commences, the total costs of the organisation will be the same as the fixed costs, as no raw materials or labour have been utilised. Although when production increases, variable costs will also rise, meaning the total costs will increase. This can be shown by the diagram below: Average cost is the production cost per each unit of output. This can be calculated by dividing the total costs of the business by the number of units†¦show more content†¦This means that firms must take into consideration the possible reactions of all other competing firms. Another characteristic is that products within an oligopoly will be similar. In an oligopoly market, prices are stable. This is because firms within this market fear a price war occurring. When it comes to lowering or increasing price, oligopoly firms will consider the likelihood of competing firms doing the same thing, in order to avoid triggering a price war. 3. Another market structure is a monopoly. This is a situation in which a single company owns all of the market. It is defined by a lack of competition meaning high prices being charged by the solitary company operating in the market, and the restriction of other producers entering the market. In their attempts to maximise profits, these firms will charge high prices and rarely respond to consumer needs. This is because consumers have no other choice in terms of competition, so they will buy from monopolist firms regardless. There are several characteristics of a monopoly. Firstly, extreme economies of scale are available to monopolist firms, giving them a huge advantage over any other company. 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